oha (おはよう)

oha 是一个小巧的程序，可以向 Web 应用程序发送一些负载，并显示受 rakyll/hey 启发的实时 tui。

此程序用 Rust 编写，由 tokio 和美丽的 tui 由 ratatui 提供支持。

安装

此程序基于稳定 Rust 构建，需要通过 cargo 使用 make 和 cmake 预先安装。

cargo install oha

你可以选择使用 native-tls 而不是 rustls 构建 oha。

cargo install --no-default-features --features rustls oha

你可以通过启用 vsock 功能来启用 VSOCK 支持。

cargo install --features vsock oha

在 Arch Linux 上

pacman -S oha

在 macOS (Homebrew) 上

brew install oha

在 Windows (winget) 上

winget install hatoo.oha

在 Debian (Azlux 的仓库) 上

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/azlux-archive-keyring.gpg] http://packages.azlux.fr/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azlux.list
sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/azlux-archive-keyring.gpg https://azlux.fr/repo.gpg
apt update
apt install oha

容器化

你还可以构建并创建一个包含 oha 的容器镜像

docker build . -t example.com/hatoo/oha:latest

然后你可以通过容器直接使用 oha

docker run -it example.com/hatoo/oha:latest https://example.com:3000

基于配置文件的优化 (PGO)

你可以使用以下命令使用 PGO 构建 oha

bun run pgo.js

并且二进制文件将在 target/[target-triple]/pgo/oha 处可用。

平台

• Linux - 在 Ubuntu 18.04 gnome 终端上测试
• Windows 10 - 在 Windows Powershell 上测试
• MacOS - 在 iTerm2 上测试

用法

-q 选项与 rakyll/hey 不同。它是按每秒整体查询次数设置，而不是按每个工作进程设置。

Ohayou(おはよう), HTTP load generator, inspired by rakyll/hey with tui animation.

Usage: oha [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <url>

Arguments:
  <URL>  Target URL.

Options:
  -n <N_REQUESTS>
          Number of requests to run. [default: 200]
  -c <N_CONNECTIONS>
          Number of connections to run concurrently. You may should increase limit to number of open files for larger `-c`. [default: 50]
  -p <N_HTTP2_PARALLEL>
          Number of parallel requests to send on HTTP/2. `oha` will run c * p concurrent workers in total. [default: 1]
  -z <DURATION>
          Duration of application to send requests. If duration is specified, n is ignored.
          On HTTP/1, When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are aborted and counted as "aborted due to deadline"
          You can change this behavior with `-w` option.
          Currently, on HTTP/2, When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are waited. `-w` option is ignored.
          Examples: -z 10s -z 3m.
  -w, --wait-ongoing-requests-after-deadline
          When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are waited
  -q <QUERY_PER_SECOND>
          Rate limit for all, in queries per second (QPS)
      --burst-delay <BURST_DURATION>
          Introduce delay between a predefined number of requests.
          Note: If qps is specified, burst will be ignored
      --burst-rate <BURST_REQUESTS>
          Rates of requests for burst. Default is 1
          Note: If qps is specified, burst will be ignored
      --rand-regex-url
          Generate URL by rand_regex crate but dot is disabled for each query e.g. http://127.0.0.1/[a-z][a-z][0-9]. Currently dynamic scheme, host and port with keep-alive are not works well. See https://docs.rs/rand_regex/latest/rand_regex/struct.Regex.html for details of syntax.
      --max-repeat <MAX_REPEAT>
          A parameter for the '--rand-regex-url'. The max_repeat parameter gives the maximum extra repeat counts the x*, x+ and x{n,} operators will become. [default: 4]
      --dump-urls <DUMP_URLS>
          Dump target Urls <DUMP_URLS> times to debug --rand-regex-url
      --latency-correction
          Correct latency to avoid coordinated omission problem. It's ignored if -q is not set.
      --no-tui
          No realtime tui
  -j, --json
          Print results as JSON
      --fps <FPS>
          Frame per second for tui. [default: 16]
  -m, --method <METHOD>
          HTTP method [default: GET]
  -H <HEADERS>
          Custom HTTP header. Examples: -H "foo: bar"
  -t <TIMEOUT>
          Timeout for each request. Default to infinite.
  -A <ACCEPT_HEADER>
          HTTP Accept Header.
  -d <BODY_STRING>
          HTTP request body.
  -D <BODY_PATH>
          HTTP request body from file.
  -T <CONTENT_TYPE>
          Content-Type.
  -a <BASIC_AUTH>
          Basic authentication, username:password
      --http-version <HTTP_VERSION>
          HTTP version. Available values 0.9, 1.0, 1.1.
      --http2
          Use HTTP/2. Shorthand for --http-version=2
      --host <HOST>
          HTTP Host header
      --disable-compression
          Disable compression.
  -r, --redirect <REDIRECT>
          Limit for number of Redirect. Set 0 for no redirection. Redirection isn't supported for HTTP/2. [default: 10]
      --disable-keepalive
          Disable keep-alive, prevents re-use of TCP connections between different HTTP requests. This isn't supported for HTTP/2.
      --no-pre-lookup
          *Not* perform a DNS lookup at beginning to cache it
      --ipv6
          Lookup only ipv6.
      --ipv4
          Lookup only ipv4.
      --insecure
          Accept invalid certs.
      --connect-to <CONNECT_TO>
          Override DNS resolution and default port numbers with strings like 'example.org:443:localhost:8443'
      --disable-color
          Disable the color scheme.
      --unix-socket <UNIX_SOCKET>
          Connect to a unix socket instead of the domain in the URL. Only for non-HTTPS URLs.
      --stats-success-breakdown
          Include a response status code successful or not successful breakdown for the time histogram and distribution statistics
      --db-url <DB_URL>
          Write succeeded requests to sqlite database url E.G test.db
  -h, --help
          Print help
  -V, --version
          Print version

JSON 输出

oha 在设置 -j 选项时打印 JSON 输出。JSON 输出模式定义在 schema.json 中。

基准测试

性能比较

我们使用 hyperfine 对本地服务器上的 oha 与 rakyll/hey 进行基准测试。服务器使用 node 编码。您可以复制粘贴此文件，然后通过 node 运行它。复制粘贴文件后，您可以通过 hyperfine 运行基准测试。

1. 将内容复制粘贴到名为 app.js 的新 JavaScript 文件中

const http = require("http");

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/plain" });

  res.end("Hello World\n");
});

server.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log("Server running at https://127.0.0.1:3000/");
});

2. 运行 node app.js
3. 在不同的终端标签中运行 hyperfine 'oha --no-tui http://localhost:3000' 'hey https://127.0.0.1:3000'

基准测试结果

基准测试 1: oha --no-tui https://127.0.0.1:3000

• 时间（平均值 ± σ）：10.8 ms ± 1.8 ms [用户：5.7 ms，系统：11.7 ms]
• 范围（最小值 … 最大值）：8.7 ms … 24.8 ms（107 次）

基准测试 2: hey https://127.0.0.1:3000

• 时间（平均值 ± σ）：14.3 ms ± 4.6 ms [用户：12.2 ms，系统：19.4 ms]
• 范围（最小值 … 最大值）：11.1 ms … 48.3 ms（88 次）

总结

在这个基准测试中，oha --no-tui http://localhost:3000 被发现更快，运行速度大约是 hey http://localhost:3000 的 1.32 ± 0.48 倍。

oha <-z or -n> -c <number of concurrent connections> -q <query per seconds> --latency-correction --disable-keepalive <target-address>

oha -n 10 --burst-delay 2s --burst-rate 4

oha --rand-regex-url http://127.0.0.1/[a-z][a-z][0-9]