Rust 异步 netlink 协议

netlink-proto 包是 netlink 协议的异步实现。它仅依赖于 netlink-packet-core 用于 NetlinkMessage 类型，以及 netlink-sys 用于套接字。

lib.rs:

netlink-proto 是 Netlink 协议的异步实现。

示例：监听审计事件

此示例展示了如何使用 netlink-proto 和 tokio 运行时来打印审计事件。它需要额外的外部依赖

• futures= "^0.3"
• tokio= "^1.0"
• netlink-packet-audit= "^0.1"

use futures::stream::StreamExt;
use netlink_packet_core::{NetlinkMessage, NetlinkPayload, NLM_F_ACK,
    NLM_F_REQUEST};
use netlink_packet_audit::{
    AuditMessage,
    StatusMessage,
};
use std::process;

use netlink_proto::{
    new_connection,
    sys::{protocols::NETLINK_AUDIT, SocketAddr},
};

const AUDIT_STATUS_ENABLED: u32 = 1;
const AUDIT_STATUS_PID: u32 = 4;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
    // Create a netlink socket. Here:
    //
    // - `conn` is a `Connection` that has the netlink socket. It's a
    //   `Future` that keeps polling the socket and must be spawned an
    //   the event loop.
    //
    // - `handle` is a `Handle` to the `Connection`. We use it to send
    //   netlink messages and receive responses to these messages.
    //
    // - `messages` is a channel receiver through which we receive
    //   messages that we have not solicited, ie that are not
    //   response to a request we made. In this example, we'll receive
    //   the audit event through that channel.
    let (conn, mut handle, mut messages) = new_connection(NETLINK_AUDIT)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create a new netlink connection: {}", e))?;

    // Spawn the `Connection` so that it starts polling the netlink
    // socket in the background.
    tokio::spawn(conn);

    // Use the `ConnectionHandle` to send a request to the kernel
    // asking it to start multicasting audit event messages.
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        // Craft the packet to enable audit events
        let mut status = StatusMessage::new();
        status.enabled = 1;
        status.pid = process::id();
        status.mask = AUDIT_STATUS_ENABLED | AUDIT_STATUS_PID;
        let payload = AuditMessage::SetStatus(status);
        let mut nl_msg = NetlinkMessage::from(payload);
        nl_msg.header.flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK;

        // We'll send unicast messages to the kernel.
        let kernel_unicast: SocketAddr = SocketAddr::new(0, 0);
        let mut response = match handle.request(nl_msg, kernel_unicast) {
            Ok(response) => response,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("{}", e);
                return;
            }
        };

        while let Some(message) = response.next().await {
            if let NetlinkPayload::Error(err_message) = message.payload {
                eprintln!("Received an error message: {:?}", err_message);
                return;
            }
        }
    });

    // Finally, start receiving event through the `messages` channel.
    println!("Starting to print audit events... press ^C to interrupt");
    while let Some((message, _addr)) = messages.next().await {
        if let NetlinkPayload::Error(err_message) = message.payload {
            eprintln!("received an error message: {:?}", err_message);
        } else {
            println!("{:?}", message);
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

示例：导出所有机器的链路

此示例展示了如何使用 netlink-proto 和 ROUTE 协议。

在这里，我们不使用 netlink_proto::new_connection()，而是手动创建套接字，并直接调用 send() 和 receive()。在先前的示例中，NetlinkFramed 被包装在一个 Connection 中，该连接由运行时自动轮询。

use futures::StreamExt;

use netlink_packet_route::{link::LinkMessage, RouteNetlinkMessage};
use netlink_packet_core::{
    NetlinkHeader,
    NetlinkMessage,
    NLM_F_REQUEST, NLM_F_DUMP
};

use netlink_proto::{
    new_connection,
    sys::{protocols::NETLINK_ROUTE, SocketAddr},
};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
    // Create the netlink socket. Here, we won't use the channel that
    // receives unsolicited messages.
    let (conn, mut handle, _) = new_connection(NETLINK_ROUTE)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create a new netlink connection: {}", e))?;

    // Spawn the `Connection` in the background
    tokio::spawn(conn);

    // Create the netlink message that requests the links to be dumped
    let mut nl_hdr = NetlinkHeader::default();
    nl_hdr.flags = NLM_F_DUMP | NLM_F_REQUEST;

    let msg = NetlinkMessage::new(
        nl_hdr,
        RouteNetlinkMessage::GetLink(LinkMessage::default()).into(),
    );

    // Send the request
    let mut response = handle
        .request(msg, SocketAddr::new(0, 0))
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send request: {}", e))?;

    // Print all the messages received in response
    loop {
        if let Some(packet) = response.next().await {
            println!("<<< {:?}", packet);
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}